Quiz-1A

Welcome to your Quiz-1A

1. Which of the following definitions best describes “whole health”?

An approach to health care that empowers people to take charge of their health and wellbeing

A systematic approach to make sure all major healthy lifestyle modalities are prescribed to patients

Strategies of care that address every major system in the body

An intensive, multifaceted behavior change approach to address a specific medical condition

2. Asking a patient which of the following questions best aligns with a whole health care approach?

What’s the matter with you?

What matters most to you?

What health matters can you address now?

What health matters can we address for you?

3. Which of the following are key elements of whole health?

Family, spirit and soul, power of mind

Meditation, relationships, positive emotions

Surroundings, stress management, moving the body

Mindfulness, avoiding risky substances, weight loss

4. Which of the following statement represents the conclusion of the study by Estrada and colleagues about the impact of offering a reward - gift of candy, but not eaten prior to an exam -on creativity and problem solving during the exam?

No significant association was found with either creativity or problem solving

Creativity improved, but problem solving was not impacted

Both creativity and problem solving improved

Problem solving was negatively impacted

5. One impact of increased positive emotions includes which of the following?

Refining coping strategies

Narrowed, focused sphere of attention

Decreased behavioral activation

Broadened attention and cognition

6. Which of the following statements is correct about the impact of positive psychology interventions on emotions in the context of stress?

The resulting positive emotions offer benefits independent of lowering negative emotions.

The resulting positive emotions block the occurrence of negative emotions.

The resulting positive emotions offers benefits after negative emotions are decreased.

The resulting positive emotions do not significantly improve stress management.

7. Positive affect skills include which of the following?

Gratitude practices, mindfulness, and setting challenging goals

Positive reappraisal, altruism, and setting attainable goals

Positive reappraisal, altruism, and avoiding exposure to negative images/events

Gratitude practice, avoiding negative images/events, and setting attainable goals

8. Which of the following best describes the impact of positive affect skills in decreasing viral load in HIV patients?

Independent of both stress levels and attention control.

Requires achievement of both decreased negative stress levels and increased attention control

Requires achievement of negative stress levels, but not increased attention control

Requires achievement of increased attention control, but not decreased stress levels

9. Positive skills interventions have been shown to be associated with which of the following emotional wellbeing results?

Decreased depression, increased positive affect, but no impact on sense of meaning

Decreased depression, increased positive affect and increased sense of meaning

Increased positive affect, but not depression or sense of meaning

Decreased depression, but not positive affect or sense of meaning

10. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between inflammation and isolation?

Inflammation can lead to isolation in a unidirectional manner.

The relationship between inflammation and isolation is bidirectional.

Inflammation and isolation have not been shown to have a significant inter-relationship.

Isolation has been shown to increase inflammation in a unidirectional manner.

11. Two key elements of wellness recommended by the Australasian Psychological Society that align with a positive psychology approach in clinical care include which of the following?

Physical and intellectual health and wellbeing

Social relationships and spirituality that provide a sense of meaning

Vocational engagement and emotional health

Career success and social relationships

12. According to a 17-year study, which aspects of spiritual coping lowers mortality?

Spiritual practices, but not spiritual gratitude nor spiritual environment

The study did not find a correlation between spirituality and mortality

Spiritual practices and a spiritual environment, but not spiritual gratitude

Spiritual practice, spiritual gratitude and a spiritual environment

13. Which statement best reflects the conclusions of studies about spirituality and mortality among those with a healthy lifestyle?

The reduction in mortality is mainly explained by high levels of spirituality.

About 50% of the reduction in mortality is explained by a healthy lifestyle.

A very small percentage of the reduction in mortality is explained by a healthy lifestyle.

Almost all of the reduction in mortality is explained by a healthy lifestyle.

14. Studies of spirituality/religiosity and mortality suggest that the reduction in mortality among those who practice spirituality/religiosity is related to which of the following factors?

Church attendance and engaging in other activities conducted by faith-based organizations, and nonorganizational activities, such as prayer

Church attendance and engaging in other activities conducted by faith-based organizations, but not nonorganizational activities, such as prayer

Church attendance, but not engaging in other activities conducted by faith-based organizations, nor nonorganizational activities, such as prayer

Nonorganizational activities, such as prayer, but not church attendance, nor engaging in activities conducted by faith-based organizations

15. Behavior change action planning with patients has been shown to more frequently lead to successful behavior change under which of the following circumstances?

When the patient creates broad goals in their action plan.

When the action plan goals are clearly connected with the patient’s “why.”

When the goals in the action plan aim to subtract or avoid certain unhealthy behaviors rather than add new, healthy behaviors.

When the targeted behaviors are not associated with positive emotions that can distract from completing the goal.

16. Physical activity triggers the relaxation response and meditative focus through which of the following?

Decreased breath awareness

Focus on breath rhythm

Sustained muscle tension

Decreased awareness of the movement and increased focus on emotions

17. Which of the following is a characteristic of the state of positivity resonance?

Cannot co-occur with negative emotions.

Can occur when hugging someone for compassion of a major loss.

Is a steady, continuous positive emotion between intimate partners, near or far.

Is shared only by individuals who are closely connected.

18. The “broaden and build” theory is best described by which of the following?

Positive emotions broaden cognition and build resources that contribute to our wellbeing.

Positive emotions build capacity for negative risk-taking.

Positive emotions slow the post-traumatic growth that results from negative emotions.

Positive emotions lead to narrowed focus on specific solutions to problems.

19. The six domains of character strengths – wisdom, courage, justice, humanity, temperance, and transcendence – are considered applicable to which of the following?

Collectivist / eastern cultures only

Western cultures only

All cultures requiring almost no adjustments

All cultures requiring adjustments for different subgroups or individuals

20. The acronym PERMA in the field of positive psychology stands for which five elements?

Positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement

Positivity, education, resilience, meaning, anti-fragility

Positive emotions, engagement, resilience, mindfulness, achievement

Positivity, education, relationships, meaning, anti-fragility

21. Which of the following statements best describes the “upward spiral” theory of behavior change?

An escalating positive feedback loop occurs between positive emotions and a broad array of healthy behaviors.

An escalating positive feedback loop occurs mainly when steps of meaningful action drive behavior change.

An escalating feedback loop occurs between positive and negative emotions and desired action.

An escalating feedback loop occurs between positive emotions and specific sets of behaviors, such as physical activity.

22. Positive psychology and positive psychiatry can leverage which of the following approaches when addressing mental health impacted by cultural biases?

They address mental health by focusing on the individual rather than group cultures.

They address both systemic barriers and identify individual level solutions for mental health.

They address group biases through the group’s cultural strengths and not individual strengths.

They are generally not used as tools for overcoming cultural biases.

23. Which of the following statements is correct about character strengths?

Character strengths reflect universal human qualities across all cultures in six overarching virtues.

Character strengths are western centric human qualities.

Character strengths are useful mainly to support specific individual cases in harnessing a positive psychology approach.

Character strengths are based on ancient wisdom, and research on applications is in the early stages.

24. Which of the following best describes how character strengths – positive personality traits – can be applied in wellbeing promotion?

To promote total wellbeing in daily life and to manage wellbeing during times of adversity

To promote mainly mental health throughout a spectrum of adverse and nonadverse conditions

To mainly support individuals during adverse conditions, such as events that may lead to traumatic stress

To build a meaningful life and relationships during non-adverse times /non traumatic conditions

25. In a study by Chris Peterson, which character strengths were found to be connected with recovery to promote physical health?

Humor, kindness, bravery

Zest, curiosity, transcendence

Bravery, curiosity, perseverance

Forgiveness, humor, gratitude

26. What result was found in a pilot study of an intervention with images depicting kindness at a pediatric dentistry office?

Positive emotions increased, but negative emotions remained at pre-intervention levels

Positive emotions increased and negative emotions decreased

Negative emotions decreased due to lower staff irritability, but positive emotion levels remained the same

While positive emotions increased, positive behaviors, such as generosity, remained at the same level

27. In a meta-analysis of studies in which individuals with physical health conditions used their signature strengths in a new way every day, which of the following occurred?

Happiness and flourishing increased, but depression levels remained unchanged

Happiness and flourishing increased and depression decreased

Happiness, flourishing and depression levels were not significantly changed

Flourishing improved only for individuals with a limited, specific set of physical conditions, such as cardiac disease

28. Research has shown which of the following about the role of kindness images on stress in healthcare workplaces?

Kindness is difficult to promote with images of kindness in a cynical and busy healthcare workplace.

Kindness can be promoted with images depicting kindness, satisfying a social connection need to buffer stress in the healthcare workplace.

Balancing a “diet” of positive images with negative ones is not feasible in health care settings where many individuals are stressed.

Health care workers and patients are often so overstressed that any potential positive impact of kindness images is obscured.

29. In a large study of COPD patients, happy patients defined as those reporting feeling happy “all of the time” or “most of the time” compared with those reporting being happy less frequently were found to have which of the following?

Greater self-reported wellbeing without a change in hospital-stay days or ER visits

Significantly fewer hospital-stay days, but comparable ER visits

Comparable number of hospital stay days and ER visits

Fewer hospital stay days and ER visits

30. Studies of the feasibility of applying positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to improve emotional wellbeing for patients with chronic conditions have revealed which of the following?

PPIs need to be applied as part of long-term treatment plans rather than as brief interventions.

PPIs are not feasible for patients with chronic conditions, because they need to be applied as stand-alone lifestyle interventions.

A full range of PPIs can be applied for patients with chronic conditions.

Only certain PPIs may be relevant or useful for patients with chronic diseases, namely gratitude practice and savoring.

31. Empirical data support which of the following about positive emotions in persons with chronic diseases?

A positive association between happiness, active coping, and self -management has been shown in a few specific chronic conditions.

A positive association between happiness, optimism, active coping, and self-management has been shown in patients with a variety of chronic diseases.

A significant association between happiness, active coping, and chronic disease self-management has not been shown.

An association has only been shown with a limited set of positive emotions, such as hope, and active self-management among patients with chronic conditions.

32. Purpose in life has been associated with a lower risk of which of the following conditions?

Stroke, cognitive impairment and heart failure

Heart failure only

Cancer and heart failure

Cognitive impairment only

33. Purpose in life has been associated with which of the following health-related practices?

Greater preventive health care use

Fewer self-care practices

Lower medication adherence

Greater drug misuse

34. Sense of purpose had been associated with which of the following health care use indicators?

Decreased hospitalization stays, but greater number of doctor visits

Fewer ER visits, but a similar number of doctor visits

Greater ER visits and shorter hospitalization stays

Reduced ER visits and shorter hospitalization stays

Course 1A - Positive Health Foundations for Health Practitioners

Course 1B - Positive Health Clinical Practice Workshop for Health Practitioners

Course 1C - Positive Health Clinical Practice Certificate for Health Practitioners

Workshop PWS 1 - Personal Wellbeing Series: Achieve Positive Health with Happiness and Health Skills

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